LESSON 1. "SIMPLE PAST"
Use the simple past to tal about actions and situations in the past. The actions and situations are finished.
Use the
simple past to talk about completed actions.
Use
the same form for all personas (but was/ were for the verb be)
Add ed to regular verbs to make the past form.
Use didn´t (did not) make the negative.
Regular Verbs
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I played jazz music all day yesterday.
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-
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He didn´t finish his exam
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?
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Why did you wait so long?
Did ypu like the last Coldplay CD?
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Yes, I did,/ No, I didn´t.
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Irregular Verbs
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+
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I left Los Angeles in 1993.
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They didn´t come home last night.
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Where didn´t she grow up?
Did he go to school with you?
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Yes, he did,/ No, he didn´t.
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REGULAR VERBS: POSITIVE
Make the simple past of most regular verbs by adding -ed to the verb.
Work→ worked watch→ watched
listen→ listened
Note the spelling rules:
- Ass -d to verbs that end in -e
- With verbs that en in consonant + -y, change -y to -i and add -ed.
(if the verb ends in vowel + -y, add -ed: stay→ stayed)
- With verbs of one syllable that end in vowel+consonant, double the consonant and add -ed.
plan→ planned, jog→ jogged
NEGATIVE
Did+ not+ base form of verb.
Ancient people did not use compasses.
People didn´t know their exact location.
QUESTIONS
Wh- questions
Wh- word+ did + subject pronou+ base form of verb.
When did you finish work yesterday?
Yes/no questions
Did+ subject pronoun+ base form of verb.
Did you study in college? Yes, I did.
LESSON 2. "PRESENT PERFECT"
Form: have/has
+ past participle
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I/ You/ We/ They
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have/haven´t
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won a prize.
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She/ He/ It
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has/ hasn´t
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?
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Have
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I/ you/ we/ they ever
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heard this song?
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Has
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She/ He/ It
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Yes, I have./No, I haven´t.
Yes, he has./ No, he hasn´t.
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Use the present perfect to talk about an action or experience in the general past- the specific time is not important or is not known.
Don´t use the present perfet with past time expressions (last night, two weeks ago).
Use the simple past to talk about an action or experience at a specific time in the past.
A: I´ve visited 11 countries in my life.
B: Have you ever been to Asia?
A: Yes, I have to Thailand in 2001.
Use the present perfect to talk about actions in the past when:
- Talking about any time up to now Have you ever been to Japan?
- Not saying a definite time We´ve met the president.
- It is still possible to do/repeat an action (because the time is still continuing) Keith has written four books. (He can write another book because he is still alive)
Have you ever been to Rome? No, I´ve never been to Italy.
Don´t use the present perfect with a specific past time. Use the simple past form.
I didn´t have a vacation last year.
We saw her yesterday.
Use the present perfect to talk about a past experience for the first time.
We´ve been to Florida.
But when giving more information, use the simple past.
We went to Miami two years ago.
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